More juvenilia: “Flight to the Stars” (short story, age 10) and “Schoolsville: A Bum Scene?” (a review of my elementary school, age 12).
For Whom An Alien Heat Makes Festival, Part 2: PREDATOR and PREDATOR 2
SPOILER WARNING:
Predator (1987):
Now we come to one of the two rankings of mine that are most “deviant” relative to general opinion: the majority of fans rank the original Predator the highest among the three Predator films, and just behind the first two Alien movies, whereas I rank it at the bottom of the three Predator films, and second from the bottom in the franchise as a whole, below even Resurrection and the first AVP.
I’ll admit that the film succeeds adequately at what it tries to do – probably more so than several of the films I’ve ranked higher – but what it tries to do is very simple and unambitious.
The plot follows fairly closely the model laid down by Alien: an extraterrestrial threat picks off the main characters one by one, until the last survivor turns the tables. But Alien had eerie and haunting settings, while the jungle in Predator is never particularly visually interesting (at least until the end, when it becomes a bit more so during the final duel); and there’s something wrong with any director who can’t manage to make a jungle seem eerie and haunting. The Predator’s design is cool, but not as much so as the xenomorph’s, and it’s also less original (face aside, the personality and body silhouette are essentially Boba Fett in dreadlocks). The characters are less interesting, owing partly to script and partly to acting (let’s face it, Arnold Schwarzenegger is not exactly in Sigourney Weaver’s league as an actor). Moreover, the plot in Alien is complicated with a subplot about corporate perfidy. There’s a governmental-perfidy plot in Predator too, but it’s much less central to the plot and is sidelined fairly early. (This is – so far – the only entry in the series to feature not just one but two future governors in its cast, though, so there’s that.)
In addition, it’s in the nature of the story that it be less scary than Alien. The Alien films each feature either many unarmed humans versus one alien threat (Alien, A3) or many armed humans versus many alien threats (Aliens, Resurrection). Predator features the less frightening (for humans) scenario of many armed humans versus one alien threat. There’s a diegetic reason for this – Predators prefer a fair fight, if only because it’s a greater challenge, while xenomorphs have no such concerns – but from the standpoint of audience emotional investment, a greater challenge for the alien threat means a lesser challenge for the human protagonists.
The Predator’s preference for fighting armed antagonists also creates an obvious plot hole, nicely dramatised by the following spoof:
The Predator’s infrared vision, at least as it’s portrayed, poses a plot problem as well. If he (I say he, but of course we have no idea whether the Predators we meet are male, or whether their race is even sexually dimorphic) can’t tell a Schwarzenegger-shaped mass from a tree-root-shaped mass unless they’re different temperatures, it’s a mystery how he can find his way around in the jungle so well (even avoiding tripwires) – or tell the skulls in his trophy collection apart. (In later films, the Predators have more sophisticated enhancements for their vision, but that doesn’t help here. In any case, it’s not clear that mud would reduce someone’s infrared visibility that much anyway. A similar scene in Predators, likewise involving mud to mask the human body’s heat signature, makes a bit more sense, since the Predator’s vision is also distracted by fire.)
The dvd has a couple of deleted scenes on it, but they’re nothing memorable.
Predator 2 (1990):
Just as Predator imitates Alien, so Predator 2 imitates Aliens – this time by introducing an elite, high-tech military force that seeks to capture rather than kill the alien, and is overconfident in its ability to do so. But we don’t get to know any of them apart from the top two (one of whom is Adam Baldwin – so it’s not just the Alien side of this franchise that has a Firefly connection), and we don’t get to know them especially well. Moreover, this military force is as much governmental perfidy as we get, which isn’t much. So this is no Aliens.
It’s better than the first Predator, though, if only because there’s more going on, more variety to meet the eye. Casting Danny Glover, rather than going with a more typical Schwarzenegger-style action hero, was an interesting choice – but no one’s going to hail this as one of Glover’s best performances, nor does the script give him much more to work with than “angry cop.” And María Conchita Alonso’s acting is frankly terrible. Still, even if most of the characters are neither especially likable nor especially well-acted, and many of them are tired ethnic stereotypes to boot, at least they’re more interesting than any of the characters in the previous film; and the scenery offers more variety too. (Schwarzenegger was almost in the movie, but wisely turned it down in favour of the much better Terminator 2.)
The Predator is more interesting as well; in fact, the scene where he taunts Harrigan with his dead partner’s necklace (Wikipedia incidentally gets this wrong, confusing two entirely different scenes) is more compelling than almost anything the Predator did in the first movie.
There’s been controversy as to the possible racist implications of the Predator’s having dreadlocks – though this concern usually seems to get raised only about the second movie, even though the Predator’s look was established in the first. I actually think it’s a breath of fresh air to have an alien modeled after African cultural styles, as opposed to the usual European and Asian designs.
The Predator’s invisibility shield now seems to make him bulletproof too (at least he takes several direct hits with no effect), which is not so obviously an improvement – though inasmuch as I complained that the Predator wasn’t enough of a menace on the first movie, perhaps I shouldn’t grouse that he’s too unstoppable now. I’m still going to, though; bullets should fail against the Predator because he’s too fast and too invisible, not because they bounce off – since if bullets just bounce off, then his being fast and invisible seem superfluous.
In a reference to the events of the first movie, it’s mentioned that “when trapped, the creature activated a self-destruct device that destroyed three hundred city blocks’ worth of rain forest.” I have a couple of problems with this. First, it suggests that Schwarzenegger’s character can run 300 city blocks’ worth of rain forest in a few seconds. (Okay, strictly speaking more like 10 blocks – it’s the radius he has to run, not the area – but still.) Second, it raises the question why those who know this are so cavalier about the risks of trying to corner a second Predator in a major metropolitan area.
In a perplexing sequence, when Alonso’s character is being carried to the ambulance, we’s suddenly told out of the blue that she’s pregnant. By whom? Are we supposed to know? Is it supposed to matter – given that we never see her again after that?
The creepy Hollywood trope that it’s okay to punch reporters raises its ugly head here. I’m still waiting for McClane’s wife to be prosecuted for tasering the reporter in Die Hard 2.
The bone garden
The scene at the end where we see a xenomorph’s skull in the Predator’s trophy collection might seem to be the first suggestion that the Predator and Alien franchises share a common universe; but it is only the first such suggestion in the films, as the idea of Predators hunting xenomorphs had already been established in the associated comic books, to which the trophy scene is a nod. (One of the characters shares the name “Lambert” with a character from Alien, but there doesn’t seem to be any intended analogy.)
I suspect that the opening scene, with the camera zooming over what we’re supposed to think is another jungle until skyscrapers suddenly come into view, may have inspired the opening scene of the Battlestar Galactica finale.
My dvd is labeled “Special Edition,” but it’s just the theatrical version – no extra scenes.
Next: Alien3 and Alien: Resurrection.
In the Space of Reasons No One Can Hear You Act
My colleague Eric Marcus is interviewed about his excellent new book Rational Causation. (CHT Brian Ramsdell.)
That Is a Puzzler
I found this note while going through old papers:
“The question is how you can best deter illegal immigrants and continue our heritage of an open immigration policy.”
– INS commissioner Alan Nelson, quoted in the Christian Science Monitor, 12/17/84
R.I.P. Caroline John
For Whom An Alien Heat Makes Festival, Part 1: ALIEN and ALIENS
Having fun on an outer space trip
with the Alien somewhere on the ship
I go to take a nap in bed
when I wake up something’s eating my head
Alien, you’re eating my leg
I fall on the floor and I’m dying
Alien, go back to your egg
I plead and I beg
go away, go away
– from a song I wrote in 1979 to the tune of
Simon & Garfunkel’s “Cecilia”
“It’s not as if anyone’s going to remember that critter once they’ve left the theater.”
– Robert Aldrich, in the interview that lost him the job as director of Alien
In preparation for Prometheus (which I saw the week before last), I’ve been watching, and/or rewatching, all the previous Alien films, as well as the Predator and Alien vs. Predator ones – not because I thought the latter would matter for the plot of Prometheus (after all, Ridley Scott has made clear that he doesn’t regard the AVP movies as canonical), but because they’re in some sense part of the same æsthetic universe (and boy, did that turn out to be right!). Up till now, although I’d had the dvds sitting around for a while, I’d seen only the first three Alien films (though not the special editions thereof) and the first two Predator films, so I had some catching up to do.
Now that I’ve seen all ten fairly recently, I thought I’d blog about them. These aren’t necessarily going to be full-fledged reviews, just some collections of thoughts.
Glancing around a few internet polls and review compilations, I gather that the movies (leaving out Prometheus) are widely ranked in roughly the following order, from most to least popular:
Aliens
Alien
Predator
Predators
Alien: Resurrection
Alien3
Predator 2
Alien vs. Predator
Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem
My own somewhat idiosyncratic (and certainly less well-ordered) ranking is a bit different:
Alien & Aliens (tied)
Alien3 & Prometheus (tied)
Predators
Alien: Resurrection
Alien vs. Predator
Predator 2
Predator
Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem
Probably the most controversial aspects of my ranking are the relatively high position of A3 and the relatively low position of the original Predator; more on these matters in later posts. (The Prometheus ranking is especially tentative, since I haven’t had as much time to reflect on it.)
The ten films separate naturally into pairs, so I’ll devote five posts to them, taking them in order of release date, starting with Alien and Aliens.
SPOILER WARNING:
Alien (1979):
In space, no one can hear you scream. Unless you’re screaming on a spaceship with oxygen and other people.
I hadn’t seen Alien in its entirety since it was in theatres, when it was the first R-rated movie I’d seen. I went in fairly fully informed, as I’d read the comic book, and possibly the novelisation too, as well as the making-of coverage in Starlog. At the time I was struck by a) the haunting creepiness of the visuals and soundtrack during the opening credits (none of the later films has measured up in that respect), and b) the sleek menacing amazingness of the xenomorph itself, which aesthetically obsessed me for a while as I drew it over and over. (For simplicity’s sake I’m going to follow the fan habit of calling the creatures in the Alien series “xenomorphs,” even though the term just means any kind of extraterrestial life form; I’ll reserve “alien” for the broader meaning, covering both xenomorphs and Predators.)
This time around I was struck both by the superb, unhurried pacing and by just how generally beautiful the film is – one of the three most beautiful in the series, the other two being Alien3 and Prometheus. (I realise that for many viewers, Alien3 is by contrast the ugliest film in the series. I’ll return to this point in Part 3.) One of the most beautiful scenes is the one where Brett is looking for the cat – but finding the xenomorph – in a room with chains hanging from the ceiling, and water dripping (a scene echoed in the later films, but never as successfully). I have no idea what the chains or the water are for – dripping water is not generally the best way to maintain metal chains in good preservation, I suspect – but the effect is haunting. (I’d embed the clip but it doesn’t look nearly as good on YouTube as it does on the dvd.)
Another thing I noticed on this viewing is how, for the Earth tech in Alien, the film takes the basic spaceship look pioneered in their different ways by 2001: A Space Odyssey and Star Wars, and tweaks it in an organic direction. Not anywhere near as organic as (what we may now call) the Engineers’ ship, of course, but subtly displaced in that direction; notice the quasi-organic bulges on the wall panels in the Nostromo. And notice also that the reason the xenomorph is able to hide in the shuttle at the end, initially unnoticed by Ripley, is that its head looks just like the tubing in the wall. (Imagine the xenomorph’s trying that in the bright white antiseptic interior of the Prometheus – though then again there seems to be no limit to what one can hide in the Prometheus.) Hence we can see continuity between the moderate organicism of the Nostromo and the extreme organicism of the Engineers’ ship; it’s as though the humans have already taken one step into the alien world from the start.
The plot with Ash also strikes me as borrowing from the HAL plot in 2001 – the A.I. with the hidden agenda and three-letter name who turns on the crew (even if David in Prometheus is more HAL-like in affect than Ash). And just as HAL is one letter backward from IBM (though the creators claim this is a coincidence), ASH is one letter backward from BTI, a prominent British computer company of the 1970s (though that may be a coincidence too). There’s even a very similar-looking scene in which Ripley, like Bowman, is trying to get through a door that Ash, like HAL, won’t open. Though alas, Ash doesn’t sing “Daisy” as he gets decapitated and incinerated. (The final shot of Ripley sleeping in her cryo-chamber also looks a bit like the final shot of Superbaby Bowman floating above earth.)
Don’t count on me, I Engineer
The film is not without flaws. In particular, there are some plot holes. How on earth, for example, can the Nostromo’s computer decode the Engineer’s signal? (Maybe Prometheus offers a possible answer to this question, but Prometheus wasn’t on the table at the time.) Also, in Marvel Comics there’s a famous puzzle about the Incredible Hulk: where does his extra mass come from when he transforms? In Alien, and indeed all the Alien movies, there’s a similar puzzle about the xenomorphs; how do they get so big, so fast? Given the live cocooning that they sometimes give their prey, we know that they don’t always eat what they catch; of course the cocooning isn’t shown in the first film (in the theatrical version, anyway) – but even before we knew about the cocooning, consider: between the time the tiny xenomorph bursts out of Kane’s chest and the time the now enormous xenomorph either kills or kidnaps Brett, no crew member has died; so it hasn’t gotten so large by eating the crew. Nor is there any mention of its having broken into ship’s stores to eat Weyland-Yutani’s version of MREs (which seem to consist largely of dodgy cornbread in any case). So where is it getting all those extra molecules? (This problem will assume particularly massive dimensions in Prometheus.)
Looking for Jonesy in all the wrong places
Moreover, the plot itself is not especially imaginative, since it’s essentially the standard hackneyed slasher-flick plot (lurking menace picks off the cast one by one, is thought defeated, until it suddenly and menacingly reemerges, before finally being finished off by the scantily-clad lone female survivor) – though admittedly this plot was not quite as hackneyed in 1979, when the Halloween franchise was only one movie old, while the Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street franchises were but gleams in their creators’ eyes and/or nostrils. (Alien has been accused of borrowing its main plot from a couple of episodes in A. E. van Vogt’s novel Voyage of the Space Beagle; see Wikipedia on the controversy. I wonder how successful Alien would have been if it had been titled Voyage of the Space Beagle. I realise it’s a reference to Darwin’s ship, but alas, that’s not the first image that “Space Beagle” brings to mind; I fear van Vogt must have had his mind in the null-A position when he chose that title. The working title of the film was Star Beast, which is better, but only just.)
Why is Ripley being mean to Bilbo?
On the other hand, the subplot with Ash and the Weyland-Yutani “crew expendable” directive adds another layer of complexity onto the basic plot – and sets a precedent: all the later movies add some degree of human perfidy, usually of the corporate and/or governmental variety, to the alien threat. (How much human perfidy Prometheus has depends on how much responsibility Weyland bears for David’s decisions.) But in the Alien movies, the villain is specifically the military-industrial complex, as Weyland-Yutani wants to use the xenomorph for its bioweapons division. (In the first film, the name is actually spelled “Weylan-Yutani,” but since the names were intended by the designer as references to Leyland and Toyota, and he actually refers to having gotten to “Weylan” from “Leyland” by “changing one letter,” I think it’s fair to treat “Weylan” as a typo for “Weyland,” as all the subsequent films have done.) Alien is also a rare case of a film set in outer space where the main characters are all working-class stiffs. (The name of the ship – as with Sulaco in the next film – is of course borrowed from Nostromo, Joseph Conrad’s novel of colonialism, exploitation, and corporate malfeasance.)
There is also, famously – and despite the final scene of Ripley being terrorised in her underwear – a feminist theme running through the film. On the one hand, the lead female character (a role originally scripted as male) is the most sensible and competent member of the crew, though her authority is constantly challenged and undermined by the others. On the other, the threat of rape and impregnation is no longer targeted specifically at women, but is expanded to include men – thus subverting a central trope of horror fiction.
The scene where Ripley refuses to let the infected Kane back on the ship is crucial to establishing her character. In a more traditional story it would be a male character taking the hardass position and a female character taking the sentimental but imprudent one – or if a woman did take the hardass position (even when it’s the obviously sensible position), she would thereby be identified by the script as an unsympathetic, overly “masculine” woman (as Vickers is in Prometheus). At this point in the story it’s not necessarily meant to be obvious to the viewer as yet that that’s not precisely what’s happening here too. Although in retrospect Ripley always seems central, by contrast with its successors Alien begins as an ensemble piece, with no one clear main character; the fact that she’s not with the team that explores the crashed ship may even serve to distract the audience’s attention from her importance. When the woman conventionally marked as unsympathetic and overly masculine emerges as the heroic protagonist – and not through being tamed and softened in the traditional narrative manner either – it’s a breath of fresh air, particularly in as traditionally male-oriented a genre as the big-budget science-fiction action film.
One of the great revelations of the film is of course Sigourney Weaver, in her first major movie role. (She’d been in Annie Hall, but playing a character listed only as “Alvy’s date outside theatre.” Remember her? Me neither.) Her performance is the steel spine running through the entire Alien series, and one of the many reasons (the others of course including scripts, direction, and design) that the Predator series has always been the weaker cousin, having never found as compelling a lead. (Hmm … Ripley/Ridley, what’s up with that?)
At one point the original script had called for the movie to end with the xenomorph’s biting Ripley’s head off and then making a radio transmission imitating her voice. I think we can all be grateful that option was dropped. (But it does foreshadow the voice-mimicking and higher intelligence of a different set of aliens in the Predator films, as well as of the T-1000 in Terminator 2.) Another early script had the xenomorph in the final scene become sexually attracted to Ripley, another idea well lost. (An early draft of Alien3 likewise had Ripley literally, sexually impregnated by the xenomorph. The bad ideas just won’t stop.)
The inclusion of Jonesy, the crew’s beloved cat, is also a nice touch, an invitation to shift perspective, since cats of course are ruthless and terrifying beasts of prey; the xenomorph is essentially a mouse’s-eye view of a cat.
My dvd set (the so-called Alien Quadrilogy, presumably on the theory that customers can’t grasp the word “tetralogy”) includes special editions of each film; in each case the special edition is an improvement. (I’ll use “special edition” as the generic term for director’s cuts, extended cuts, assembly cuts, unrated versions, et hoc genus omne.) In most cases the special edition is longer than the theatrical version, but not so in this case; yet it’s easier to identify what’s been added than what’s been removed, as the cuts mainly involved Ridley Scott’s shaving bits off here and there rather than deleting continuous chunks. One exception is the deletion of the scene where we learn that a) Ash was added at the last minute, at Weyland-Yutani’s insistence, to replace a different crew member, and b) Ripley doesn’t trust him. I can see why the scene was deleted, since (b) heightens audience suspicion of Ash too much, too soon; but it’s a pity that the information in (a) couldn’t have been incorporated at some point.
Of the restored scenes, one allows us actually to hear the Engineers’ eerie warning transmission; another has Ripley finding some of the missing crew members cocooned, and mercy-killing them (thus creating an inconsistency with Aliens, where Ripley says she’s never seen the cocooning before). (Some deleted scenes, included as dvd extras, are absent from both the theatrical and special editions.)
Aliens (1986):
Trivia fun: Aliens was not the first cinematic sequel to Alien; in between there was an unauthorised low-budget Italian followup, Alien 2: On Earth. (I haven’t seen it. I do not feel deprived.)
I have less to say about Aliens than I did about Alien. This is not to slight Aliens in any way; on the contrary, in many ways Aliens is an improvement over Alien. Admittedly the basic story situation isn’t especially innovative – it’s essentially what Doctor Who fans call a “base under siege” story (as A3 and Resurrection will be also). But Aliens complicates the base-under-siege plot in various ways; for one thing, it’s a base-under-siege story for only a relatively short, albeit narratively central, portion of the movie. The film breaks down into four parts: a) Ripley’s rescue and reawakening, and Weyland-Yutani’s dismissal of her story; b) Ripley’s return to LV-426 with the Marines, their initial encounter with the xenomorphs and rescue of Newt, and then being marooned on the planet; c) the “base under siege,” plus Burke’s sudden but inevitable betrayal; and finally d) Ripley’s return to the base to rescue Newt, followed by the duel with Xeno-Warrior-Queen on the shuttle.
Aliens expands Ripley’s role, explores her character in greater depth, gives her a more triumphant victory over the xenomorph (and over her own fear), and lets her engage in the kind of action-heroics usually reserved for male stars. The special edition also restores scenes revealing that Ripley’s daughter died of old age while Ripley was in cryogenic sleep – a fact that both heightens Ripley’s personal tragedy and explains her attachment to Newt. Weaver was understandably upset about the deletion of these character-rounding scenes, and it’s good to see them back. (In another restored scene, we see Newt’s family discovering the Engineers’ ship.)
Aliens also features a nice continuation of the political subtext about corporatism, with the government’s military apparently being put at the service of a private company; and James Cameron has noted that the soldiers’ initial swaggering overconfidence and subsequent panicked defeat was intended as a comment on the Vietnam war.
But from a feminist standpoint there’s a problematic aspect to Aliens as well, one not shared by the previous movie. As I noted a few months back whilst griping about the 2011 Doctor Who Christmas special:
The repeated message … that women’s strength comes from motherhood …. is one of the oldest arrows in patriarchy’s quiver. In a long literary tradition, a female character is most likely to be allowed to express strength and resolve if her doing so is somehow connected to her “natural” role as familial nurturer. Think of examples from Greek tragedy: Antigone and Electra, whose heroism is triggered by their feeling for a slain relative ….
The regrettable impression Aliens at least somewhat tends to create is that Ripley becomes an action hero, not because she is generally a courageous and resourceful person, but because the need to protect Newt has triggered her maternal instincts and flipped her into protective mama-bear mode; and the restored scenes about Ripley’s lost daughter, whatever their other virtues, only reinforce this impression – as does the implied parallel between Ripley and the xeno-queen, each fighting to protect her child(ren) from the other.
On the other hand, by granting Ripley the respect that no character evinced in Alien, Hicks and Bishop – not coincidentally the only two adult characters other than Ripley to survive the film’s events – somewhat redeem Aliens in this respect. (The subplot about Bishop’s overcoming Ripley’s anti-robot prejudice is another welcome complication to the story.)
At one point the marines’ dialogue suggests that humans have made contact (and even had sex) with intelligent extraterrestrials, specifically Arcturans, but this is never picked up on again, either in this film or in any subsequent one.
Aliens features a number of references designed for sf fans to pick up on: “drop ship” and “bug hunt” are nods to Heinlein’s Starship Troopers, the space station is named after Pohl’s Gateway, Bishop quotes Asimov’s laws of robotics, and Burke refers to a “Hyperdyne” robotics company reminiscent of Terminator’s Cyberdyne. And 57 years after the events of Alien, starship meal rations still feature an unappetising simulacrum of cornbread.
The movie also has a couple of plot problems, as this spoof points out:
Trivia fun: although they managed to make it look like dozens, the production crew for Aliens only had six xenomorphs to work with (just as Doctor Who’s first Dalek story had only four Daleks while trying to give the impression of a cityful).
Next: Predator and Predator 2.